Quick answers
How do I raise the anchor?
Go to the capstan and hold F (Square/X); more crew members on the capstan raise it faster. To drop it, press F once.
How do I angle the sails?
At the rigging, W and S raise and lower the sails and A and D angle them. Catch the wind so the sails billow and the ship speeds up.
Where is the map table?
Below deck on the sloop, in the map room on larger ships. Hold Tab (D-pad Up) for your personal quest map and compass while walking.
How do I equip a different weapon?
Open the weapon radial with Q (L1/LB) and pick one; 1 and 2 switch between the two equipped weapons on keyboard. Change loadouts at the armoury barrel.
How do I eat food?
Hold R (or the item radial) to pick food, then hold Mouse 1 to eat. Bananas heal a third, coconuts half, pineapples fully.